Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Information Technology IT
Lesson Topic: Understand network protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP)
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the four layers of the TCP/IP model and map them to OSI layers.
  • Explain how TCP provides reliable delivery using handshaking, sequencing, and flow control.
  • Compare TCP and UDP and identify appropriate use cases for each.
  • Summarise the HTTP request/response structure, common methods, and status‑code categories.
  • Distinguish key differences between HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
  • Outline FTP’s dual‑connection mechanism, active vs passive modes, and related security considerations.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Handouts with protocol comparison tables
  • Printed worksheets for HTTP and FTP activities
  • Laptops with internet access and packet‑tracer software
  • Sample FTP client (e.g., FileZilla)
  • Sticky notes for exit tickets
 Introduction:

Begin with a quick poll: Who has accessed a website or downloaded a file today? Review that these actions rely on underlying network protocols. Explain that by the end of the lesson students will be able to identify how TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP work together to enable web communication.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – Students list everyday protocols they use and share; teacher records responses.
  2. Mini‑lecture (15’) – Overview of the TCP/IP layers with diagram; highlight TCP vs UDP reliability.
  3. Interactive demo (10’) – Use packet‑tracer to show a TCP three‑way handshake and a UDP datagram.
  4. Guided practice (12’) – Small groups analyse an HTTP request line and status‑code examples; complete worksheet.
  5. FTP exploration (10’) – Demonstrate active vs passive FTP using FileZilla; discuss security risks and alternatives.
  6. Check for understanding (5’) – Quick Kahoot quiz covering key concepts.
  7. Summary & exit ticket (3’) – Students write one thing they learned and one question on a sticky note.
Conclusion:

Recap the core functions of TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP and how they interrelate in web communication. Ask students to submit an exit ticket describing one protocol they found most interesting. Assign homework to research a secure alternative to FTP and prepare a brief summary for the next class.