Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Chemistry
Lesson Topic: Chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, dative, metallic bonding, shapes of molecules, intermolecular forces
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the nature of ionic, covalent, dative and metallic bonds.
  • Predict molecular shapes and bond angles using VSEPR theory.
  • Explain the different types of intermolecular forces and compare their relative strengths.
  • Apply quantitative relationships such as lattice energy and bond enthalpy to simple calculations.
  • Analyse how bonding and intermolecular forces influence physical properties like boiling point and conductivity.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Chemistry textbook or digital slides on chemical bonding
  • Printed worksheets with VSEPR and IMF tables
  • Molecular model kits (ball‑and‑stick)
  • Periodic table posters
  • Calculator for lattice‑energy calculations
  • Whiteboard and markers
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration: place a piece of salt and a piece of sugar on a warm plate and ask students why they behave differently when heated. Connect this to prior learning about ions and molecules, reminding them of the role of electron transfer and sharing. Outline the success criteria: students will be able to describe bond types, predict shapes, and compare intermolecular forces.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑Now (5'): Students answer a short prompt on differences between ionic and covalent compounds on a sticky note; teacher collects for a quick check.
  2. Mini‑lecture (15'): Overview of the four bond types with slide visuals and key equations (lattice energy, bond enthalpy); include a concept‑check poll.
  3. VSEPR activity (10'): Using molecular model kits, groups construct PF₅, H₂O, NH₃ and record predicted shapes and bond angles.
  4. Intermolecular forces station (10'): Students rotate through stations with substance cards, rank IMF strength and justify using the energy table.
  5. Guided problem solving (15'): Work through a lattice‑energy calculation for NaCl and a bond‑enthalpy example; teacher circulates to support.
  6. Formative quiz (5'): Kahoot! quiz covering bond types, VSEPR predictions, and IMF ranking.
Conclusion:
Summarise how the type of chemical bond determines both molecular geometry and the strength of intermolecular forces, linking these concepts to observable properties. Students complete an exit ticket by writing one example of each bond type and the corresponding IMF it exhibits. Assign homework to finish the practice questions in the source notes and prepare a short explanation of the Born–Haber cycle for the next lesson.