Lesson Plan

• Describe the five major forms of energy and their key equations.
• Explain how each energy form is applied in design and control systems.
• Analyse energy conversions and identify losses in mechanical/electronic designs.
• Evaluate safety and efficiency considerations for different energy types.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Worksheet with energy tables and conversion tasks
• Calculators
• Sample components (small DC motor, AA battery, spring‑loaded lift)
• Safety goggles

Begin with the question “How does a robot lift a weight and then move it?” to hook interest. Review students’ prior knowledge of motion and electricity, linking these to energy concepts. State the success criteria: students will be able to name, describe, and analyse energy forms and their conversions in a design.

1. Do‑now (5'): List everyday devices and the type of energy they use; quick share.
2. Mini‑lecture (15'): Present the five energy forms, key equations and typical design applications using slides.
3. Group activity (20'): Analyse a provided control‑system diagram, identify each energy conversion, calculate theoretical losses and record findings on the worksheet.
4. Hands‑on demonstration (15'): Connect a battery to a motor driving a spring‑loaded lift; observe kinetic, electrical, and potential energy changes and discuss thermal losses.
5. Feedback discussion (10'): Groups present their analysis, focusing on safety and efficiency considerations.
6. Exit ticket (5'): Write one real‑world example of an energy conversion and one possible loss associated with it.

Recap the five energy forms, their equations and how they interconvert in design. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign a short homework: research a device that uses at least three energy forms and outline its conversion pathway and efficiency challenges.