Lesson Plan

• Describe the role of CPU buses in communicating with peripheral ports.
• Explain the difference between memory‑mapped I/O and port‑mapped I/O.
• Identify common port types (UART, USB, PCIe, SPI, I²C) and their typical uses and speeds.
• Analyse how interrupts are used for peripheral communication.
• Apply address calculation to read a memory‑mapped register.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Slide deck showing bus architecture and port tables
• Handout with port comparison chart
• Laptop with emulator/simulation software
• Worksheets with address‑mapping exercises
• USB devices for a quick demo (keyboard, flash drive)

Begin with a short video clip of a computer’s “inside view” to spark curiosity. Ask students what they think connects the CPU to keyboards, printers, and storage. Clarify that today they will discover how different ports enable these connections and what success looks like: being able to name port types, explain addressing methods, and solve a simple address‑mapping problem.

1. Do‑Now (5') – Quick quiz on CPU components and bus functions.
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Explain bus architecture, address, data, and control buses; introduce memory‑mapped vs port‑mapped I/O.
3. Interactive demo (10') – Use the emulator to show reading a register via MMIO and using IN/OUT instructions for PMIO.
4. Group activity (15') – Examine the port comparison table, match devices to ports, and calculate the address for a given peripheral register.
5. Guided practice (10') – Worksheet on interrupt handling and signalling through ports.
6. Recap & Q&A (5') – Review key points and answer lingering questions.

Summarise how buses, port types, and addressing schemes work together to let the CPU talk to peripherals. Have students write one “exit ticket” sentence describing the difference between MMIO and PMIO. Assign a brief homework: research a modern device (e.g., a webcam) and note which port type it uses and why.