Lesson Plan

• Describe the three main agricultural systems (subsistence, mixed, commercial) and their key characteristics.
• Explain how climate, soil, topography, technology, labour, capital, market access and policy influence agricultural output.
• Calculate and interpret crop yields using the formula Yield = Total production ÷ Area harvested.
• Analyse a case study to identify which factors most affect productivity in a given system.

• Projector and screen
• PowerPoint/Google Slides presentation
• Printed handout of the agricultural systems table
• Worksheet with yield‑calculation problems
• Whiteboard and markers
• Sticky notes for exit ticket

Begin with a striking image of a global food‑security map and ask students why food production matters for economies. Briefly revisit prior knowledge of climate and soil basics. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe agricultural systems, identify key output factors, and calculate yields.

1. Do‑now (5'): Students list three factors they think affect farm productivity on sticky notes.
2. Mini‑lecture with slides (10'): Overview of subsistence, mixed, and commercial agriculture; highlight scale and purpose.
3. Group activity (15'): Using the handout, groups compare the three systems and create a quick poster of key characteristics.
4. Factors influencing output (15'): Teacher guides through the eight factors, linking each to the systems; students add examples to a class mind‑map.
5. Yield calculation practice (10'): Worksheet problems where students compute yields and discuss what the numbers reveal about input use.
6. Exit ticket (5'): Students write one factor they consider most critical for increasing output in their local context.

Recap the three agricultural systems and the main factors that drive productivity, linking back to the opening image. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign a short homework: research a local farm or plantation and note which of the discussed factors most influence its output.