Geography – Urban growth and a hierarchy of urban areas | e-Consult

Economic factors are arguably the most significant driver of urban hierarchy. The concentration of economic activity, particularly in core cities, creates a pull factor, attracting investment, skilled labour, and supporting industries. This leads to further economic growth and reinforces the city's position in the hierarchy. For example, London's dominance is heavily linked to its role as a global financial centre, attracting multinational corporations and a highly skilled workforce. This concentration of wealth and opportunity then feeds into a regional economic system, with satellite cities benefiting from spillover effects and specialized industries. However, it's important to acknowledge that historical factors, political decisions, and social trends also play a role. For instance, the legacy of industrialization shaped the initial urban hierarchy, and government policies regarding infrastructure and regional development continue to influence it. Furthermore, the rise of the service sector has led to the growth of cities like Manchester and Birmingham, challenging the traditional dominance of London. The decline of manufacturing in some areas has also contributed to urban decline and a weakening of the hierarchy. Therefore, while economic factors are paramount, a holistic understanding requires considering a range of interacting influences.