Geography – Urban growth and a hierarchy of urban areas | e-Consult

The statement that the consequences of primate city development are overwhelmingly negative for the rest of the country is largely true, although the severity and nature of these impacts can vary. Primate city dominance often creates significant disparities, leading to a range of economic and social problems in other regions.

Economic Impacts:

• Uneven Economic Growth: Primate cities attract a disproportionate share of investment, leading to a concentration of wealth and opportunities. Peripheral regions often experience slower economic growth and limited access to capital.
• Regional Disdevelopment: The lack of investment in secondary settlements can lead to underdevelopment, with limited job opportunities, poor infrastructure, and declining industries.
• Brain Drain: Skilled workers and professionals often migrate from less prosperous regions to the primate city in search of better career prospects, further hindering regional development.
• Market Distortion: The dominance of a single market hub can distort regional markets, making it difficult for smaller businesses in peripheral areas to compete.

Social Impacts:

• Social Inequality: The concentration of wealth in the primate city exacerbates social inequalities, creating a gap between the affluent urban population and the less privileged rural population.
• Migration Pressures: Limited opportunities in peripheral regions can lead to out-migration and a decline in population density, impacting social cohesion and community life.
• Strain on Resources: The high population density of primate cities puts a strain on resources such as housing, infrastructure, and public services, potentially leading to overcrowding and social problems.

While the negative consequences are significant, some argue that primate cities can act as engines of innovation and economic dynamism, potentially benefiting the entire country indirectly. However, the evidence suggests that the negative impacts generally outweigh these potential benefits, particularly in the absence of effective regional development policies.