Geography – Earth processes and mass movements | e-Consult

Transform plate boundaries occur where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. These boundaries are characterized by significant friction and stress build-up. The resulting landforms are often linear features associated with faulting and displacement.

San Andreas Fault System: The San Andreas Fault system in California is a prime example of a transform plate boundary, where the Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate. The geological processes occurring here include:

• Faulting: The primary process is faulting, with the plates sliding past each other along the fault line.
• Folding: Minor folding can occur adjacent to the fault line due to the stress build-up.
• Earthquakes: The build-up of stress along the fault line is released periodically in the form of earthquakes.
• Linear Valleys: The movement along the fault can create linear valleys and depressions.

The San Andreas Fault system is associated with significant geological hazards:

• Earthquakes: The most significant hazard is earthquakes, which can cause widespread damage to infrastructure and loss of life. The frequency and magnitude of earthquakes are a constant concern.
• Landslides: Earthquakes can trigger landslides, particularly in mountainous areas.
• Ground Deformation: The ongoing movement along the fault can cause ground deformation, which can damage buildings and infrastructure.

The San Andreas Fault system provides a clear illustration of how transform plate boundaries create distinct landforms and pose significant geological hazards. The linear valleys, fault scarps, and earthquake-prone areas are all direct consequences of the ongoing plate movement. Understanding these processes is crucial for mitigating the risks associated with earthquakes and other geological hazards.