Psychology – AS Level approaches | e-Consult

Both dopamine and serotonin are monoamine neurotransmitters, but they influence mood and behaviour in distinct ways.

Dopamine is central to the brain’s reward circuitry. When released, it produces feelings of pleasure and reinforces behaviours that are perceived as beneficial, thereby motivating goal‑directed actions. Dysregulation can lead to reduced motivation and depressive symptoms, while hyperactivity is implicated in schizophrenia and addictive behaviours.

Serotonin contributes to emotional regulation and overall mood stability. Adequate serotonin levels are linked to feelings of calm and contentment, whereas deficiencies are associated with heightened anxiety, irritability, and depressive states. Serotonin also plays a role in regulating sleep cycles, appetite, and social aggression, influencing how individuals respond to stress and interact with others.

In summary, dopamine primarily drives reward‑related motivation and motor functions, whereas serotonin underpins mood balance, impulse control, and broader affective processes.