Biology – Carbohydrates and lipids | e-Consult

Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose molecules linked by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. This linear structure allows it to coil into a helical shape. The α(1→4) glycosidic bonds are relatively stable and resistant to hydrolysis.

Amylopectin is a branched polymer of glucose molecules. The main chain is composed of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, similar to amylose. However, it also contains α(1→6) glycosidic bonds at the branch points. These branches are typically present every 20-30 glucose units.

Relationship to Function: The different structures directly relate to their functions in energy storage. Amylose's helical structure allows it to pack tightly within the starch granules, forming a dense core. This contributes to the stability and compact storage of energy. Amylopectin's branched structure allows it to pack less densely, making it more readily accessible for enzymatic breakdown. The α(1→6) branches provide numerous sites for amylase enzymes to act, facilitating rapid glucose release when energy is needed. The presence of both linear and branched chains in starch provides a balance between stability and accessibility for energy release.