External styles are CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) rules that are defined in a separate .css file and then linked to an HTML document. This allows for consistent formatting across multiple web pages, making website maintenance easier.

To use external styles, the element is used within the

head

section of the HTML document. The rel attribute is set to stylesheet and the href attribute specifies the path to the external .css file.

Once linked, CSS rules within the external stylesheet can be applied to HTML elements using their respective tags. For example:

• : The h1 element can be styled using CSS to control its font size, color, and alignment.

• : Similar to h1, the h2 element's appearance can be controlled.

• : The h3 element can be styled to create a hierarchy of headings.

• : The p element can be styled to control line height, margins, and font.
• : The li element (used within
  and
  lists) can be styled to control bullet points, indentation, and font.

This approach promotes separation of content (HTML) and presentation (CSS), leading to cleaner and more maintainable code.