Computer Science – 15.1 Processors, Parallel Processing and Virtual Machines | e-Consult
15.1 Processors, Parallel Processing and Virtual Machines (1 questions)
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A RISC architecture is designed with a smaller, simpler set of instructions. Key components include:
- Load/Store Architecture: Data processing instructions operate primarily on data held in registers. Separate load and store instructions are used to move data between memory and registers.
- Fixed-Length Instructions: All instructions are the same length, simplifying instruction decoding.
- Large Register File: A larger number of registers are used to reduce memory accesses.
- Hardwired Control Unit: Instructions are decoded using a hardwired control unit, improving execution speed.
RISC vs. CISC:
| Feature | RISC | CISC |
| Instruction Set | Small, simple instructions | Large, complex instructions |
| Memory Access | Load/Store architecture | Direct memory access |
| Clock Cycles per Instruction | Typically 1 clock cycle | Variable, often multiple clock cycles |
| Code Size | Larger (more instructions needed to perform the same task) | Smaller (fewer instructions needed) |
| Examples | ARM, MIPS | Intel x86 |
Strengths of RISC: Faster execution due to simpler instructions, easier to pipeline, lower power consumption. Weaknesses: Requires more instructions to perform complex tasks, potentially leading to larger code size.
Strengths of CISC: More efficient use of memory, simpler compiler design. Weaknesses: Complex instruction decoding, harder to pipeline, higher power consumption.