Computer Science – Data storage and compression | e-Consult

Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any of the original data. This means the decompressed file is identical to the original. A typical application is ZIP files, used for archiving and distributing files where data integrity is crucial. A potential disadvantage is that the compression ratio is often lower compared to lossy methods, resulting in larger compressed files. Other examples include PNG images, which are commonly used for graphics with sharp lines and text.

Lossy compression reduces file size by discarding some of the original data. This results in a smaller file but some data is lost, potentially affecting quality. A typical application is JPEG images, commonly used for photographs where a slight loss of detail is acceptable for a significant reduction in file size. A potential disadvantage is that repeated saving and re-saving of a lossy compressed file can lead to a noticeable degradation in quality. Other examples include MP3 audio and MPEG video.