Physics – 2.1.2 Particle model | e-Consult
2.1.2 Particle model (1 questions)
Solids: In a solid, particles are tightly packed together in a fixed, regular arrangement. They are very close to each other with minimal separation. The particles vibrate about fixed positions but do not move past one another. This explains why solids have a definite shape and volume.
Liquids: In a liquid, particles are still close together but are not in a fixed arrangement. They have more separation than in a solid and can move past one another. This allows liquids to take the shape of their container but maintain a definite volume. The particles vibrate and translate, resulting in a fluid state.
Gases: In a gas, particles are widely separated and move randomly in all directions. The separation between particles is large, and the particles move rapidly and independently. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, as they expand to fill the available space. The particles constantly collide with each other and the walls of the container.
Particle Diagrams:
- Solid: A close-packed arrangement of particles in a regular pattern.
- Liquid: Particles close together but in a more random arrangement than a solid.
- Gas: Widely spaced particles moving randomly.