Chemistry – Atoms, elements and compounds - Simple molecules and covalent bonds | e-Consult

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This sharing allows each atom to effectively 'count' the shared electrons as part of its own valence shell, achieving a full outer shell of electrons, similar to a noble gas configuration. This configuration is particularly stable because noble gases have a complete octet (or duet for hydrogen). Achieving this stable configuration results in a lower overall energy state for the atoms, making the bond energetically favourable and thus stable. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, further contributing to the stability of the bond.