Biology – 7.1 Human nutrition – diet | e-Consult

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body. They are broken down into glucose, which fuels cells, particularly the brain and muscles. There are two main types: simple carbohydrates (sugars) which provide quick energy, and complex carbohydrates (starches and fibres) which provide a more sustained release of energy. Dietary fibre, a type of complex carbohydrate, is important for digestive health.

Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are made up of amino acids, some of which are essential and must be obtained from the diet. Proteins are also involved in enzyme production and hormone synthesis. A diet lacking sufficient protein can lead to stunted growth and impaired tissue repair.

Fats provide a concentrated source of energy and are important for insulation and protection of vital organs. They are also necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fats are classified into saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats. It's important to consume healthy unsaturated fats and limit saturated and trans fats to reduce the risk of heart disease.