Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455 – Workers: Division of Labour
Microeconomic Decision‑makers: Workers
Objective – Advantages and Disadvantages of Division of Labour
Division of labour is the process of breaking down production into a series of specialised tasks. It is a key concept for understanding how workers contribute to the efficiency and productivity of firms.
What is Division of Labour?
When a production process is divided, each worker performs a specific, repetitive task rather than completing the whole product from start to finish. This specialisation can be observed in many industries, from car manufacturing to fast‑food restaurants.
Advantages of Division of Labour for Workers
Increased Productivity – Workers become faster and more efficient as they repeat the same task, reducing the time needed per unit.
Skill Development – Repetition allows workers to develop expertise and higher skill levels in a particular operation.
Lower Training Costs – Firms need less time and money to train workers for a narrow set of tasks.
Higher Wages (Potential) – Greater productivity can lead to higher output, which may translate into higher wages or bonuses for workers.
Job Creation – Specialisation can create more distinct roles within a firm, increasing employment opportunities.
Disadvantages of Division of Labour for Workers
Monotony and Boredom – Performing the same task repeatedly can lead to dissatisfaction and reduced morale.
Limited Skill \cdot ariety – Workers may acquire only a narrow set of skills, making them vulnerable to unemployment if that task becomes obsolete.
Dependence on Others – Production relies on the smooth coordination of many specialised workers; a breakdown in one area can halt the whole process.
Reduced Autonomy – Workers have little control over the overall production process, limiting creativity and decision‑making.
Health Risks – Repetitive motions can cause physical strain or injuries such as repetitive strain injury (RSI).
Comparative Summary
Aspect
Advantage
Disadvantage
Productivity
Higher output per worker
Reliance on coordinated workflow; any disruption reduces overall output
Skill Development
Specialised expertise
Limited skill breadth; reduced adaptability
Training
Lower costs and quicker onboarding
Workers may feel undervalued if training is minimal
Job Satisfaction
Potential for higher wages and job security
Monotony, boredom, and health concerns
Employment
Creates more distinct job roles
Risk of redundancy if a specific task is automated
Key Points for Exam Answers
Define division of labour and give a real‑world example.
Explain how specialisation leads to higher productivity (use the concept of “learning by doing”).
Discuss at least two advantages for workers and two disadvantages, linking each to real‑life implications.
Evaluate the overall impact on workers by weighing the benefits against the drawbacks.
Conclude with a brief statement on how firms can mitigate the disadvantages (e.g., job rotation, training programmes).
Suggested diagram: Flowchart showing the steps of a production process before and after division of labour, highlighting the increase in speed and the points where coordination is required.