ICT 0417 – Networks and the Effects of Using Them: Connecting a Device to Wi‑Fi
4. Networks and the Effects of Using Them
Objective
Know and understand how to connect a device to a network using Wi‑Fi.
1. What Is a Network?
A network is a collection of two or more devices (computers, tablets, phones, printers, etc.) that are linked together so they can share resources, data and services.
2. Types of Networks
LAN (Local Area Network) – covers a small area such as a home, school or office.
WAN (Wide Area Network) – covers a large geographic area; the Internet is the largest WAN.
Wireless LAN (WLAN) – a LAN that uses radio waves (Wi‑Fi) instead of cables.
3. Wi‑Fi Basics
Wi‑Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a technology that uses radio frequencies to transmit data between devices and a wireless router or access point.
Common frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.
Standards: 802.11b/g/n/ac/ax – newer standards provide higher speeds and better security.
Typical range: 30 m indoors, up to 100 m outdoors (depends on obstacles and power).
4. Hardware Required for a Wi‑Fi Connection
Wireless router or access point (provides the Wi‑Fi signal).
Device with a Wi‑Fi adapter (built‑in for most laptops, tablets, phones).
Optional: Wi‑Fi extender/repeater to increase coverage.
5. Steps to Connect a Device to a Wi‑Fi Network
Turn on the wireless router and ensure it is broadcasting (check the SSID indicator).
On the device, open the Settings or Control Panel and select Wi‑Fi or Wireless Networks.
Locate the network’s SSID (the network name) in the list of available networks.
Select the SSID and click Connect.
Enter the security key (WPA/WPA2 password) when prompted.
If the password is correct, the device will obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP) and show a “Connected” status.
Test the connection by opening a web browser and loading a website.
6. Security Considerations
Use WPA2‑Personal or WPA3 encryption – avoid WEP or unsecured networks.
Choose a strong password (minimum 12 characters, mix of letters, numbers, symbols).
Change the default SSID to something non‑identifiable.
Enable the router’s firewall and keep firmware up to date.
Consider MAC address filtering for added control.
7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wi‑Fi
Advantages
Disadvantages
Mobility – users can move freely within coverage area.
Signal can be weakened by walls, furniture, and other interference.
Easy to add new devices without cabling.
Generally slower than wired Ethernet for high‑bandwidth tasks.
Cost‑effective for small to medium installations.
Security risks if encryption is weak or passwords are shared.
Supports multiple devices simultaneously.
Potential for network congestion in crowded areas.
8. Common Troubleshooting Steps
Verify the router is powered on and the Wi‑Fi indicator is lit.
Check that the device’s Wi‑Fi adapter is enabled.
Make sure the correct SSID and password are entered.
Restart the router and the device.
Move the device closer to the router to rule out range issues.
Check for interference from other electronic devices (microwaves, cordless phones).
Update the device’s network driver or firmware if problems persist.
9. Example Calculation – Maximum Theoretical Data Rate
Using the Shannon‑Hartley theorem, the maximum data rate \$C\$ (in bits per second) can be estimated by:
\$C = B \times \log_2(1 + \text{SNR})\$
where \$B\$ is the bandwidth (Hz) and SNR is the signal‑to‑noise ratio (linear, not dB). This illustrates why a clear, strong signal yields higher speeds.
10. Summary
Connecting a device to a Wi‑Fi network involves understanding the hardware, following a clear set of steps, and applying good security practices. Mastery of these concepts enables students to set up, use, and maintain wireless networks safely and efficiently.
Suggested diagram: Layout of a typical home Wi‑Fi network showing router, devices, and coverage area.