Know and understand examples of system software including compilers, linkers, device drivers, operating systems and utilities

Published by Patrick Mutisya · 14 days ago

ICT 0417 – Types and Components of Computer Systems

Topic 1: Types and Components of Computer Systems

Objective

Know and understand examples of system software, including compilers, linkers, device drivers, operating systems and utilities.

What is System Software?

System software is a collection of programs that manage the hardware components of a computer and provide a platform for application software to run. It acts as an intermediary between the user, application programs and the physical hardware.

Key Types of System Software

  • Compilers – Translate source code written in a high‑level programming language into machine code (object code) that the computer can execute.

  • Linkers – Combine one or more object files generated by a compiler into a single executable program, resolving references between modules.

  • Device Drivers – Small programs that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, graphics cards, and keyboards.

  • Operating Systems (OS) – Manage all hardware resources, provide essential services, and create a user interface. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

  • Utilities – Provide additional functionality to maintain, analyse, or optimise the computer system. Examples include disk defragmenters, antivirus programs, backup tools, and file compression utilities.

Comparison of System Software Types

Software TypePrimary FunctionTypical Examples
CompilerTranslates high‑level source code to machine codeGCC, Microsoft \cdot isual C++, Java javac
LinkerCombines object files into a single executableGNU ld, Microsoft LINK
Device DriverEnables OS to control hardware devicesPrinter driver, graphics driver, network adapter driver
Operating SystemManages hardware resources and provides a platform for applicationsWindows 10, macOS, Ubuntu Linux, Android
UtilityPerforms system maintenance, optimisation or security tasksDisk Cleanup, antivirus software, backup utilities, file compressors

How System Software Works Together

  1. The operating system loads at start‑up and takes control of the hardware.

  2. When an application is installed, a compiler (used by developers) creates object code.

  3. The linker merges the object code with libraries to produce an executable.

  4. When the executable runs, the OS uses appropriate device drivers to communicate with hardware.

  5. During operation, utilities may be invoked to maintain performance, security, or data integrity.

Suggested diagram: Flowchart showing the interaction between compilers, linkers, operating system, device drivers, utilities and application software.

Key Points to Remember

  • System software is essential for the computer to function; without it, hardware cannot be used.

  • Compilers and linkers are primarily tools for developers, not end‑users.

  • Device drivers are specific to each hardware component and must match the operating system version.

  • The operating system provides the core environment in which all other software runs.

  • Utilities help keep the system running smoothly and securely.