State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process, $2 mathrm{SO}_2(mathrm{~g})+mathrm{O}_2(mathrm{~g}) ightleftharpoons 2 mathrm{SO}_3(mathrm{~g})$

Chemical Reactions – Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

Contact Process: Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfur Trioxide

The Contact process is a classic example of a reversible reaction. Think of it like a seesaw: when one side goes up, the other goes down. The reaction can go forward (producing sulphur trioxide) or backward (reforming sulphur dioxide). The symbol equation is:

\$2\,\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2\,\mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$

Exam Tip: Remember that the double arrow (⇌) means the reaction can go in both directions. In exam questions, if they ask for the “symbol equation,” include the double arrow and the correct stoichiometric coefficients.

Typical Reaction Conditions

ConditionTypical Value
Temperature400–600 °C
Pressure1–2 atm
CatalystVanadium(V) oxide (V₂O??

)

Key Points to Remember

  • ⚡ The reaction is reversible – the double arrow shows this.
  • 🔬 The catalyst speeds up the reaction but does not change the equilibrium position.
  • 💡 Higher temperatures favour the endothermic reverse reaction, but in practice the process is run at a temperature that balances rate and equilibrium.
  • 📚 In exam questions, you may be asked to write the symbol equation, explain the role of the catalyst, or discuss how temperature affects the equilibrium.

Exam Tip Box

Tip: When writing the symbol equation, double‑check the stoichiometric coefficients. A common mistake is to forget the factor of 2 on both sides.

Tip: Use the phrase “the reaction is reversible” to show you understand the double arrow.

Tip: For catalyst questions, remember that a catalyst does not appear in the equation but you can mention it in your answer.

Quick Quiz

Which of the following is the correct symbol equation for the Contact process?

  1. \$\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightleftharpoons \mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$
  2. \$2\,\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2\,\mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$
  3. \$\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightarrow \mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$
  4. \$2\,\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightarrow 2\,\mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$

Answer: 2 – the coefficients must balance on both sides and the double arrow indicates reversibility.

Summary

The Contact process converts sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide in a reversible reaction. The symbol equation is \$2\,\mathrm{SO}2(g)+\mathrm{O}2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2\,\mathrm{SO}_3(g)\$. Key points for exams include recognising the double arrow, understanding the role of the catalyst, and knowing how temperature and pressure affect the equilibrium. Use the coloured boxes above as quick reminders when you study or during exam preparation. Good luck! 🚀