how a government might use the law to control employment practices, conditions of work including health and safety, wage levels, marketing behaviour, competition, location decisions and particular goods and services

6.1 External Influences – Political and Legal

How Government Uses Law to Shape Business

Think of the government as a traffic cop on the road of business. Just as a cop directs cars to keep traffic flowing safely, laws direct companies to behave in ways that protect workers, consumers, and the economy.

1️⃣ Employment Practices

📌 Minimum Wage Act – Sets the lowest hourly pay a worker can legally receive.

📌 Employment Equality Act – Prevents discrimination on the basis of gender, race, age, etc.

Analogy: It’s like a school rule that says everyone must wear a uniform – it keeps things fair and tidy.

Exam Tip: When asked “How does law affect employment?” mention minimum wage and equal opportunity as key examples.

2️⃣ Conditions of Work & Health & Safety

🏗️ Health and Safety at Work Act – Requires safe working environments, risk assessments, and training.

🛠️ Example: A factory must install proper ventilation so workers don’t get sick from fumes.

Analogy: Like a fire alarm in a building – it warns you before danger becomes real.

Exam Tip: Highlight that safety laws reduce accidents, lower insurance costs, and improve employee morale.

3️⃣ Wage Levels

💰 Living Wage Ordinance – Some local councils set a wage higher than the national minimum to reflect living costs.

📈 Example: A city with high rent may require a living wage of £12/hour instead of £8.10.

Analogy: It’s like a price tag on a product – it tells you what you’ll pay.

Exam Tip: Discuss how higher wages can increase consumer spending but may raise production costs.

4️⃣ Marketing Behaviour

📢 Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) – Regulates misleading claims and protects children.

📊 Example: A company cannot claim “100% natural” if it contains synthetic dyes.

Analogy: Think of it as a traffic sign that tells you whether a road is safe to use.

Exam Tip: Remember that advertising law can limit slogans, imagery, and target audiences.

5️⃣ Competition

⚖️ Competition Act – Prevents monopolies, price‑fixing, and unfair mergers.

🔍 Example: Two big supermarkets cannot collude to set the same price for milk.

Analogy: Like a fair play rule in sports – it keeps the game exciting for everyone.

Exam Tip: Cite the Act’s role in protecting consumers and encouraging innovation.

6️⃣ Location Decisions

📍 Planning Permission – Determines where businesses can set up, especially near protected sites.

🌳 Example: A factory cannot be built next to a national park without special approval.

Analogy: It’s like choosing a parking spot that’s allowed by the city’s rules.

Exam Tip: Note that zoning laws can affect cost, accessibility, and environmental impact.

7️⃣ Particular Goods and Services

🚫 Alcohol & Tobacco Regulations – Age limits, advertising restrictions, and taxation.

💡 Example: A company selling energy drinks must display health warnings on the label.

Analogy: Think of it as a warning label on a toy that tells parents it’s not suitable for young children.

Exam Tip: Highlight how specific product laws can create barriers to entry or influence pricing.

📚 Summary Table of Key Laws & Their Impact

LawArea AffectedBusiness Effect
Minimum Wage ActWagesHigher labour costs, potential price increases.
Health & Safety ActWorking conditionsReduced accidents, lower insurance premiums.
Advertising Standards AuthorityMarketingMore truthful ads, limited targeting.
Competition ActMarket structurePrevents monopolies, encourages price competition.
Planning PermissionLocationControls where businesses can operate.

Exam Tip: Use the table format to quickly match a law with its business impact during exams.

💡 Final Exam Tips

  • Always link a specific law to the business area it regulates.
  • Use real‑world examples (e.g., the UK’s minimum wage, ASA guidelines) to illustrate points.
  • Remember the cause and effect chain: law ➜ business practice ➜ consumer outcome.
  • When answering “How can the government influence business?” mention at least three different legal areas.