the net realisable value method of valuing inventory

10.1 Financial Statements – Inventory Valuation

Net Realisable Value (NRV) Method

📦 What is NRV?

NRV is the amount a company expects to receive from selling an item, after deducting any costs needed to finish and sell it.



Think of it like this:

Imagine you’re selling a pizza that’s half‑baked. The price you can get from a customer is the pizza’s selling price, but you still need to finish baking and deliver it. NRV is the selling price minus the cost of finishing and delivering.



Why use NRV?

• Keeps inventory values realistic – you don’t overstate what you can actually sell.

• Helps detect when items are likely to lose value (e.g., due to damage or obsolescence).

• Is required by many accounting standards for certain types of inventory.

  1. Determine the selling price. This is the price the item would fetch in the market.
  2. Subtract costs to complete and sell. These include finishing, packaging, shipping, and any other costs directly tied to getting the item sold.
  3. Calculate NRV.

    \$ NRV = \text{Selling Price} - \text{Cost to Complete and Sell} \$

  4. Compare NRV with cost. If NRV is lower than the original cost, write down the inventory to NRV.
  5. Record the write‑down. The loss is recognised in the income statement.

Example: A Toy Store

A toy store buys 100 action figures for £5 each.

The figures are currently in a damaged state, so the store can only sell them for £4 each, and it costs £0.50 per figure to repair and package them for sale.



Step 1: Selling price per figure – £4

Step 2: Cost to complete and sell per figure – £0.50

Step 3: NRV per figure – £4 – £0.50 = £3.50

Step 4: Compare with cost (£5) – NRV (£3.50) < Cost (£5) → write‑down needed.

Write‑down amount per figure – £5 – £3.50 = £1.50

Total write‑down for 100 figures – 100 × £1.50 = £150

ItemCost (£)Selling Price (£)Cost to Complete & Sell (£)NRV (£)Write‑Down (£)
Action Figures5.004.000.503.501.50

Exam Tip 📝

  • Always check if NRV < Cost before deciding on write‑down.
  • Remember the formula: NRV = Selling Price – Cost to Complete & Sell.
  • Show your calculations clearly – examiners look for step‑by‑step work.
  • Use the word “write‑down” (not “write‑up”) when NRV is lower.

Quick Checkpoint ✔️

If an item’s NRV is higher than its cost, what happens?


Answer: No write‑down is needed; the inventory is kept at its original cost.