ICT 0417 – 6 ICT Applications: Computer‑Controlled Systems
6 ICT Applications – Computer Controlled Systems
In this unit we examine six common ICT applications where computers control processes that were previously performed by humans. For each application we identify the main advantages and disadvantages, helping learners to evaluate when computer control is appropriate.
1. Automated Manufacturing (Robotics)
Robots on assembly lines perform tasks such as welding, painting, and component placement.
Speed: Operations are performed continuously at high speed.
Precision: Tolerances of ±0.01 mm are achievable.
Safety: Hazardous environments are kept away from workers.
High initial cost for equipment and programming.
Reduced flexibility – re‑tooling for a new product can be time‑consuming.
Potential job loss for low‑skill workers.
2. Traffic Management Systems
Computer‑controlled traffic lights and sensors optimise vehicle flow in cities.
Reduced congestion and travel time.
Real‑time adaptation to traffic conditions.
Improved safety through coordinated signalling.
System failures can cause widespread disruption.
Dependence on accurate sensor data; faulty sensors give wrong decisions.
Privacy concerns when cameras record vehicle plates.
3. Automated Banking – ATMs & Online Transactions
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and electronic payment gateways allow customers to perform banking without staff.
24‑hour service availability.
Reduced queuing time and staff workload.
Lower operational costs for banks.
Risk of technical faults leading to service outages.
Security threats such as skimming and phishing.
Limited assistance for complex queries.
4. E‑commerce Platforms
Websites and mobile apps automate product selection, payment, and delivery logistics.
Global reach – customers can shop from anywhere.
Personalised recommendations using data analytics.
Reduced need for physical storefront staff.
Dependence on reliable internet connectivity.
Potential for data breaches and fraud.
Customer service challenges for returns and complaints.
5. Medical Diagnostic Systems
Computer‑assisted diagnosis uses imaging, AI algorithms, and decision support tools.
High accuracy in detecting patterns (e.g., cancer cells).
Faster analysis compared with manual review.
Supports doctors in making evidence‑based decisions.
Algorithm bias can lead to misdiagnosis.
Requires regular updates and validation.
Patients may distrust automated results.
6. Smart Home Automation
IoT devices control lighting, heating, security, and appliances via central software.
Energy savings through intelligent scheduling.
Convenient remote control via smartphones.
Enhanced security with automated alerts.
Vulnerability to hacking if devices are not secured.
Interoperability issues between different manufacturers.
Potential over‑reliance on technology for basic tasks.
Summary Table – Advantages vs. Disadvantages
Application
Key Advantages
Key Disadvantages
Automated Manufacturing
Speed, precision, safety
High cost, inflexibility, job loss
Traffic Management
Reduced congestion, real‑time response, safety
System failure impact, sensor errors, privacy
Automated Banking
24‑hour access, faster service, lower costs
Technical outages, security risks, limited help
E‑commerce
Global reach, personalisation, staff reduction
Internet dependence, fraud risk, service issues
Medical Diagnostics
High accuracy, speed, decision support
Algorithm bias, maintenance, patient trust
Smart Home Automation
Energy efficiency, convenience, security
Hacking risk, compatibility, over‑reliance
Suggested diagram: Flowchart showing the decision process for choosing between a computer‑controlled system and a human‑performed task, highlighting factors such as cost, speed, accuracy, and social impact.
Key Points for Revision
Identify the core function of each ICT application.
List at least three advantages and three disadvantages for each.
Use the summary table to compare applications quickly.
Consider ethical and social implications (e.g., employment, privacy).
Be prepared to give real‑world examples in exam answers.