Know and understand scanning the data/software when downloading

4 Networks and the Effects of Using Them

Objective

Know and understand scanning the data/software when downloading.

Why Scanning Is Required

• Protects the computer from viruses, worms, trojans and other malicious code.
• Prevents the spread of malware to other devices on the same network.
• Ensures the integrity of downloaded files – the file received is the file that was intended.
• Helps organisations comply with security policies and data‑protection regulations.

Common Threats Encountered When Downloading

1. Viruses – self‑replicating programs that can corrupt or delete data.
2. Worms – spread automatically across networks without user interaction.
3. Trojan horses – appear legitimate but contain hidden malicious functions.
4. Adware / Spyware – display unwanted ads or collect personal information.
5. Ransomware – encrypts files and demands payment for decryption.

Scanning Process – Step by Step

1. Initiate the download from a trusted source.
2. Save the file to a temporary folder rather than directly to the final location.
3. Launch the installed antivirus/anti‑malware program.
4. Select “Scan file” or “Scan folder” and point to the temporary location.
5. Review the scan results:

   • If the file is clean – move it to the intended folder.
   • If a threat is detected – delete or quarantine the file and report the incident.

6. Update the virus definition database before the next download.

Tools Frequently Used for Scanning

Best Practices for Safe Downloading

• Only download software from the vendor’s official website or reputable app stores.
• Verify digital signatures or checksums (MD5, SHA‑256) when they are provided.
• Keep the operating system and all security software up to date.
• Enable real‑time scanning and automatic updates.
• Educate users about phishing emails and deceptive download links.
• Use a sandbox or virtual machine for testing unknown files before installing them on the main system.

Summary Table – Quick Reference