Know and understand the use of mobile devices for communication including SMS messaging, phone calls, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video calls, accessing the internet

6 ICT Applications – Mobile Devices for Communication

This set of notes explains how mobile devices are used for communication. The focus is on:

• SMS (Short Message Service) messaging
• Traditional phone calls
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
• Video calls
• Accessing the internet

1. SMS Messaging

SMS allows the exchange of short text messages (up to 160 characters per message) between mobile phones. It uses the cellular network’s signalling channel rather than the voice channel.

• Typical uses: quick information exchange, alerts, verification codes.
• Advantages: low cost, works on basic phones, works in low‑signal areas.
• Limitations: no multimedia, limited length, no guaranteed delivery time.

2. Traditional Phone Calls

Voice calls are carried over the mobile network’s voice channel. The call is set up through a series of signalling messages that locate the recipient’s device and allocate a voice channel.

• Key steps: dialing → network authentication → call setup → voice transmission → call termination.
• Advantages: reliable, works on all mobile phones, good voice quality in strong signal areas.
• Disadvantages: higher cost than SMS, dependent on cellular coverage, no visual component.

3. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

VoIP converts voice into digital data packets and transmits them over the internet (Wi‑Fi or mobile data). Popular services include Skype, WhatsApp, and \cdot iber.

• How it works:

  1. Microphone captures voice and converts it to digital audio.
  2. Audio is compressed and packetised.
  3. Packets travel through the internet to the recipient’s device.
  4. Recipient’s device reassembles packets and plays the audio.

• Advantages: low or no cost for long‑distance calls, works on any internet‑enabled device.
• Disadvantages: requires stable internet connection, may suffer from latency or jitter.

4. Video Calls

Video calling adds a video stream to the \cdot oIP process. Both audio and video are captured, compressed, and sent as data packets.

• Common platforms: Zoom, FaceTime, Google Meet, WhatsApp video.
• Requirements: front‑facing camera, sufficient bandwidth (typically > 1 Mbps), compatible app.
• Benefits: visual cues, more personal interaction, useful for remote learning and business meetings.
• Challenges: higher data usage, need for good lighting and stable connection.

5. Accessing the Internet

Mobile devices connect to the internet via cellular data (3G, 4G, 5G) or Wi‑Fi. The device uses a browser or apps to request web pages or services.

• Key concepts:

  • IP address – unique identifier for the device on the network.
  • DNS – translates domain names to IP addresses.
  • HTTPS – secure protocol for encrypted data transfer.

• Typical activities: browsing, email, social media, cloud storage, streaming.
• Considerations: data limits, battery consumption, security (malware, phishing).

Comparison of Communication Methods

Advantages of Mobile Communication

• Portability – communication on the move.
• Ubiquity – most people own a mobile device.
• Flexibility – multiple modes (text, voice, video, data).
• Instantaneous – real‑time interaction.

Potential Disadvantages / Risks

• Battery dependence – devices run out of power.
• Network coverage – dead zones affect reliability.
• Security threats – phishing, malware, data interception.
• Cost management – data over‑use can be expensive.

Summary

Mobile devices support a range of communication methods, each suited to different situations. Understanding the technology behind SMS, traditional calls, VoIP, video calls, and internet access helps learners choose the most appropriate tool for personal, educational, or business purposes.