6 ICT Applications – Computer Modelling vs Human Modelling
Objective
Know and understand the advantages and disadvantages of using computer modelling rather than humans.
What is Computer Modelling?
Computer modelling is the use of software to create a virtual representation of a real‑world system, process or phenomenon. The model can be manipulated, tested and analysed without the need for physical prototypes or direct human involvement.
Advantages of Using Computer Modelling
Speed and Efficiency – Simulations can be run many times in a short period, allowing rapid exploration of different scenarios.
Cost Reduction – Eliminates the expense of building physical prototypes, hiring large teams, or purchasing materials.
Safety – Hazardous or dangerous situations (e.g., nuclear accidents, aircraft crashes) can be examined without putting people at risk.
Accuracy and Precision – Models can use exact numerical data and perform calculations with high precision, reducing human error.
Scalability – Large‑scale systems (e.g., climate models, city traffic) can be represented and analysed, which would be impossible for individuals to manage manually.
Repeatability – The same experiment can be reproduced exactly, supporting reliable testing and verification.
Data Integration – Models can incorporate data from multiple sources (sensors, databases) and update in real time.
Disadvantages of Using Computer Modelling
Initial Development Cost – Creating a high‑quality model often requires specialised software, hardware and skilled personnel.
Complexity – Complex models can be difficult to understand, maintain, and debug.
Dependence on Data Quality – Inaccurate or incomplete input data leads to unreliable results (the “garbage‑in, garbage‑out” problem).
Limited Real‑World Fidelity – Models are simplifications; they may omit variables that affect actual outcomes.
Technical Failures – Software bugs, hardware crashes, or power outages can interrupt modelling activities.
Over‑reliance on Technology – Users may trust model outputs without critical evaluation, overlooking human judgement.
Ethical and Legal Issues – Models that simulate human behaviour or personal data may raise privacy concerns.
Comparison Table
Aspect
Computer Modelling
Human Modelling / Manual Methods
Speed
Can run thousands of iterations in minutes.
Limited by human processing speed; many iterations impractical.
Cost
High upfront cost; low marginal cost per run.
Low initial cost but high ongoing labour expenses.
Safety
Allows testing of dangerous scenarios virtually.
Physical testing may expose people to risk.
Accuracy
Dependent on data quality and model fidelity.
Subject to human error and limited precision.
Scalability
Easily expands to large systems (e.g., national grids).
Impractical for very large or complex systems.
Flexibility
Parameters can be changed instantly.
Changes require redesign or new experiments.
Learning Curve
Requires specialised training.
Generally accessible to broader audience.
Suggested diagram: Flowchart showing the steps of a computer modelling process – from data collection, model building, simulation, analysis, to decision making.