Lesson Plan

• Describe the key principles of the kinetic particle theory for gases.
• Explain how temperature influences gas volume (Charles’s Law).
• Explain how pressure influences gas volume (Boyle’s Law).
• Apply the combined gas law to predict volume changes when both temperature and pressure vary.
• Solve exam‑style calculations involving temperature, pressure and volume.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed worksheet with gas‑law problems
• Balloon or syringe set for demonstrations
• Calculators (one per student)
• Kinetic particle theory animation (optional video)

Begin with a quick question: “Why does a hot air balloon rise?” to hook interest. Review that students already know pressure is force per area and that temperature measures kinetic energy. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to predict how changing temperature or pressure will change a gas’s volume.

1. Do‑now (5') – Students write one everyday example of a gas expanding or being compressed.
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Review kinetic particle theory and derive Charles’s Law and Boyle’s Law with equations.
3. Demonstration (8') – Use a balloon in warm water (temperature effect) and a syringe with a plunger (pressure effect).
4. Guided practice (12') – Pairs complete worksheet problems; teacher circulates to support.
5. Check for understanding (5') – Clicker/quiz questions on the combined gas law.
6. Summary discussion (5') – Highlight key points and work through a typical exam question together.

Recap the relationship between kinetic energy, temperature, pressure and volume, and remind students of the three gas laws. Have each pupil write an exit ticket answering: “If temperature rises and pressure stays the same, what happens to volume and why?” Assign homework to complete additional calculation problems from the textbook.