| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Physics |
| Lesson Topic: Describe an increase in temperature of an object in terms of an increase in the average kinetic energies of all of the particles in the object |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe how a rise in temperature reflects an increase in the average kinetic energy of particles.
- Explain the quantitative relationship Q = mcΔT and its connection to internal kinetic energy.
- Calculate the heat required to change the temperature of a given mass of material.
- Identify and correct common misconceptions about heat and temperature.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen
- Whiteboard and markers
- Worksheet with example problems and misconception check
- Calculator for each pair
- Handout of specific heat capacities for common substances
- Sample objects (e.g., aluminium block, water container) and a thermometer for demonstration
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration: heat a small metal block and a cup of water, asking students what they observe. Recall that they already know temperature measures how “hot” something feels and that kinetic energy relates to motion. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to link temperature change directly to particle kinetic energy and use the formula Q = mcΔT to solve problems.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑Now (5'): Students answer a short prompt on a sticky note – “If you add heat to a substance, what actually changes inside it?” Collect and discuss briefly.
- Concept Review (10'): Teacher revisits kinetic energy definitions and introduces the temperature–average kinetic energy link using the diagram suggestion.
- Derivation & Formula (10'): Walk through the derivation of Q = mcΔT, emphasizing each term’s physical meaning.
- Guided Practice (15'): Work through the aluminium block example together, prompting students to identify data, substitute into the formula, and interpret the result.
- Misconception Check (5'): Quick poll (show of hands) on statements like “Heat is a substance” and discuss correct ideas.
- Independent Activity (10'): Students complete a worksheet with two new problems (one metal, one water) and a short explanation question.
- Check for Understanding (5'): Pair‑share answers, teacher circulates, and clarifies any errors.
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Conclusion:
Summarise that temperature rise equals an increase in average particle kinetic energy and that the specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is needed for a given mass. Ask students to write one‑sentence exit ticket answering: “How does the specific heat capacity of a material affect its temperature change when the same amount of heat is added?” Assign homework to find the specific heat capacity of a household item and calculate the heat needed for a 30 °C temperature increase.
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