Lesson Plan

• Describe the sources, target organs and primary actions of ADH, glucagon and insulin.
• Explain how plasma osmolality and blood‑glucose levels regulate the secretion of these hormones.
• Compare the negative‑feedback mechanisms that control ADH, glucagon and insulin release.
• Apply this knowledge to identify clinical conditions such as diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.

• Projector and screen
• PowerPoint slides summarising each hormone
• Handout with a comparison table (source, target, effect, regulator)
• Whiteboard and markers
• Worksheet containing a blood‑glucose feedback case study

Begin with a quick question: “What would happen if your body could not control water balance or blood sugar?” This hooks students to the real‑world relevance of hormones. Review prior knowledge of chemical signalling and the difference between neural and endocrine communication. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe, explain and compare ADH, glucagon and insulin and link them to clinical examples.

1. Do‑now (5') – short quiz on basic hormone concepts to activate prior learning.
2. Mini‑lecture (15') – overview of the endocrine system and detailed description of ADH, glucagon and insulin using slides.
3. Comparison activity (10') – students complete a handout table comparing source, target organ, principal effect and main regulator for each hormone.
4. Case‑study discussion (15') – in groups, analyse a blood‑glucose regulation scenario and map the feedback loop on the board.
5. Formative check (5') – exit ticket: list one key regulator for ADH, glucagon and insulin and one clinical condition associated with each.

Summarise the main points: hormones act as long‑lasting messengers, ADH controls water balance, glucagon and insulin regulate carbohydrate metabolism, and all are governed by negative‑feedback loops. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign a homework task to research a hormone‑related disorder and prepare a one‑minute summary for the next class.