Lesson Plan

Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Know that a β-particle is a high-speed electron emitted from the nucleus, formed when a neutron changes into a proton and an electron and a reduction in the number of excess neutrons; the following change in the nucleus occurs during β-emission neutr
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the nuclear transformation that produces a β‑particle.
  • Explain how β‑decay increases the atomic number while leaving the mass number unchanged.
  • Compare the speed and penetrating ability of β‑particles with α‑particles and γ‑rays.
  • Identify and correct common misconceptions about β‑decay.
  • Apply the β‑decay equation to determine the daughter nuclide for a given parent.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides with nuclear equations and diagrams
  • Printed worksheet with practice decay equations
  • Isotope cards (e.g., C‑14, N‑14) for a quick activity
  • Clicker or online polling tool for concept checks
Introduction:

Begin with a striking image of a cloud chamber showing a bright β‑track to capture interest. Ask students what they recall about α‑decay and invite them to predict how a different particle might behave. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to explain the β‑decay process and its effect on the nucleus.

Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5 min): Quick quiz on differences between α‑ and β‑decay displayed on the board.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10 min): Define β‑particle, show the neutron → proton + electron + antineutrino equation, and discuss the role of the antineutrino.
  3. Guided practice (10 min): Work through the Carbon‑14 → Nitrogen‑14 example; students fill in the nuclear equation on the worksheet.
  4. Concept‑check (5 min): Clicker questions targeting the five key points and common misconceptions.
  5. Comparison activity (8 min): Small groups complete a Venn diagram contrasting α‑ and β‑decay characteristics.
  6. Summary & exit ticket (7 min): Students write one correct statement about β‑decay and one misconception they have corrected on a sticky note.
Conclusion:

Recap the transformation of a neutron into a proton and an electron, emphasizing the unchanged mass number and the increase in atomic number. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign a short homework: research another β‑emitter and write its decay equation.