Lesson Plan

• Describe the three basic economic questions and explain why “how to produce” is critical.
• Identify the factors that influence production‑technique choices (factor intensity, technology, economies of scale, resource availability).
• Analyse the cost formula C = wL + rK and compare labour‑intensive, capital‑intensive and technology‑driven methods.
• Apply a five‑step decision‑making process to select the most cost‑effective production method for a given output.
• Evaluate how changes in factor prices or technology affect production decisions.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Slide deck summarising key concepts
• Handout with production‑method comparison table
• Calculator or spreadsheet software for cost calculations
• Sample case‑study worksheets
• Whiteboard markers

Begin with a quick poll asking students which factors they think most influence how goods are made. Connect their ideas to the broader economic problem of scarcity and state that today they will explore the “how to produce” question. Explain that success will be measured by their ability to justify a production technique using cost and factor‑availability criteria.

1. Do‑now (5'): Quiz on the three economic questions (Kahoot/handout) – teacher checks answers.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Introduce “how to produce”, factor intensity, technology, economies of scale, and the cost formula C = wL + rK.
3. Interactive comparison (12'): Project the production‑method table; pairs fill pros/cons on handouts.
4. Decision‑making activity (15'): Case study – groups use the 5‑step process to choose a technique for a given output and present their rationale.
5. Whole‑class debrief (8'): Highlight key decision criteria, address misconceptions, link to PPF diagram.
6. Exit ticket (5'): Write one sentence stating the most important factor when choosing a production method and why.

Summarise how factor intensity, technology and cost considerations guide production decisions. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign a short homework: students must research a real‑world industry and explain whether it is labour‑ or capital‑intensive and why.