Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Business
Lesson Topic: the nature of economic activity, the problem of choice and opportunity cost
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the three components of economic activity (production, distribution, consumption).
  • Explain how scarcity creates the problem of choice at micro, macro, and international levels.
  • Define opportunity cost and calculate it using the next‑best alternative.
  • Identify the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of economic activity with examples.
  • Interpret a Production Possibility Frontier to illustrate trade‑offs and opportunity cost.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides summarising key concepts
  • Handout with PPF diagram and summary checklist
  • Whiteboard markers and chart paper
  • Sticky notes for the choice activity
  • Calculator (optional)
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: ask students what they would choose if they had only one hour of free time after school. Link responses to the idea that resources are limited while wants are unlimited, introducing the problem of choice. Outline today’s success criteria: students will be able to explain economic activity, define opportunity cost, and interpret a PPF.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – Students write down a recent personal choice and the thing they gave up; share briefly (checks prior knowledge).
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Present production, distribution, consumption and scarcity using slides.
  3. Guided discussion (8’) – Explore the problem of choice at micro, macro, and international levels with probing questions.
  4. Opportunity‑cost activity (10’) – In pairs, calculate opportunity cost from given scenarios on a worksheet.
  5. PPF demonstration (12’) – Show a diagram, explain points inside/on/outside the curve; students plot a simple PPF on chart paper.
  6. Consolidation quiz (5’) – Quick Kahoot or exit‑ticket with three questions covering key concepts.
Conclusion:
Summarise how scarcity drives choices and how opportunity cost is visualised on a PPF. Ask students to write one key takeaway on a sticky note as an exit ticket. For homework, assign a short reflection: identify a real‑world decision and calculate its opportunity cost.