| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Additional Mathematics |
| Lesson Topic: Know and use the condition for two lines to be parallel or perpendicular in terms of their gradients |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the gradient form of a straight line and its geometric meaning.
- State the gradient conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines.
- Apply these conditions to determine the relationship between two given linear equations.
- Find unknown constants that make lines parallel or perpendicular.
- Identify and correct common misconceptions about gradients and line relationships.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen
- Whiteboard and markers
- Graph paper and rulers
- Worksheet with examples and practice questions
- Calculators
- Mini‑whiteboards or sticky notes for exit tickets
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick visual of two roads—one that never meets and one that meets at a perfect right angle—to spark curiosity. Review that students already know how to calculate the gradient of a line. Explain that today they will learn the simple gradient tests that tell us instantly whether two lines are parallel or perpendicular. Success will be measured by correctly stating and using these conditions in practice problems.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑now (5'): Quick recall quiz on finding gradients from the previous lesson.
- Mini‑lecture (10'): Present the parallel (m₁ = m₂) and perpendicular (m₁·m₂ = –1) conditions with worked examples on the projector.
- Guided practice (12'): Students complete the three worked examples in pairs, filling in steps on the worksheet while the teacher circulates.
- Independent practice (10'): Solve the three practice questions individually.
- Check for understanding (8'): Students use mini‑whiteboards to state the correct condition for given line pairs; discuss common pitfalls.
- Summary & exit ticket (5'): Each student writes one correct gradient condition and one common mistake on a sticky note to hand in.
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Conclusion:
Recap the two key gradient conditions and how they simplify deciding line relationships. Collect the exit tickets to gauge understanding, and address any lingering misconceptions. For homework, assign an additional worksheet that includes vertical and horizontal lines, requiring students to apply both conditions.
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