Lesson Plan

• Recall the ideal‑gas equation in both mole‑based (pV = nRT) and molecule‑based (pV = NkT) forms.
• Explain how Avogadro’s constant links moles to molecules and why R/Nₐ = k.
• Apply the appropriate form of the equation to solve for any unknown variable, including correct unit conversion.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Slide deck with derivation and example
• Worksheet containing practice problems
• Scientific calculators (or online calculator)
• Whiteboard and markers
• Optional: gas‑law simulation app

Begin with a quick visual of a balloon inflating to spark curiosity about how pressure, volume, and temperature are linked. Review students’ prior knowledge of pressure, volume, and temperature units. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to correctly rearrange and use both forms of the ideal‑gas law to find any missing variable.

1. Do‑now (5'): short quiz on definitions of p, V, T and unit conversions.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): derive pV = nRT, substitute n = N/Nₐ, and show that R/Nₐ = k to obtain pV = NkT.
3. Guided example (10'): work through the molecule‑based problem (calculate volume for given N, p, T).
4. Pair activity (12'): students complete worksheet with four practice questions, teacher circulates for misconceptions.
5. Concept‑check (5'): interactive poll/Kahoot on common pitfalls (moles vs. molecules, temperature in K, unit consistency).
6. Summary & reflection (3'): each student writes one variable they can now solve for using the ideal‑gas equation.

Recap the two forms of the ideal‑gas law and the key conversion between moles and molecules. Students submit an exit ticket answering a single calculation problem to demonstrate mastery. Assign homework: three additional problems requiring rearrangement of the equation and unit checks.