Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Know how atoms may form positive ions by losing electrons or form negative ions by gaining electrons
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the structure of an atom and the concept of electrical neutrality.
  • Explain how loss of electrons forms cations and how gain of electrons forms anions.
  • Apply ionisation energy and electron affinity concepts to predict ion formation for given elements.
  • Write correct ionic symbols for common ions.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides or digital presentation on ions
  • Printed worksheet with practice questions
  • Periodic table handouts
  • Model kits or ball‑and‑stick atoms (optional)
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration: rub a glass rod on a silk cloth and show it attracts small paper pieces, prompting students to think about charge. Recall that atoms are neutral when protons equal electrons. Today we will discover how atoms become charged by losing or gaining electrons, and we will be able to write correct ionic symbols by the end of the lesson.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – students answer a short question on atomic neutrality on the board.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – present atom structure, introduce ions, show formation equations.
  3. Guided practice (10’) – work through examples (Na⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, O²⁻) using the projector.
  4. Interactive activity (10’) – students use periodic‑table handouts to predict ion charges for given elements and justify using metal/non‑metal trends.
  5. Worksheet practice (10’) – individual work on practice questions; teacher circulates for support.
  6. Check for understanding (5’) – quick exit ticket where each student writes the ionic symbol for aluminium losing three electrons.
Conclusion:
Summarise that ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons, with the charge equal to the number of electrons transferred. Remind students of the link between ionisation energy, electron affinity and ion formation. For the exit ticket, students write one ionic symbol and explain the charge. Homework: complete the worksheet and research a real‑world example of an ionic compound.