Lesson Plan

• Apply the series‑resistance formula to calculate equivalent resistance for any number of resistors.
• Use Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law to determine circuit current and individual voltage drops in a series loop.
• Analyse and solve quantitative problems involving series circuits, checking results with KVL.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• PowerPoint/Google Slides with circuit diagrams
• Printed worksheet with practice problems
• Resistor colour‑code cards or virtual simulation (e.g., PhET)
• Scientific calculators

Begin with a quick visual of a series circuit and ask students how the current behaves at each component. Recall KCL and KVL from previous lessons, then state that today they will learn to combine resistances and predict currents using these laws. Success will be measured by correctly solving a multi‑resistor problem.

1. Do‑Now (5’): Simple question – “If two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are in series, what is the total resistance?” Students write answer on sticky notes.
2. Mini‑lecture (10’): Review KCL/KVL, derive R_eq = ΣR_i and I = E / R_eq with a whiteboard example.
3. Guided practice (12’): Work through the 12 V, 4 Ω‑6 Ω‑10 Ω example, students fill in a worksheet while teacher circulates.
4. Interactive simulation (8’): Students manipulate resistor values in PhET, observe changes in current and voltage drops, record observations.
5. Partner problem solving (10’): Each pair solves one of the practice questions, then shares answer and reasoning.
6. Check for understanding (5’): Quick exit quiz via Kahoot – three items on series resistance and KVL.

Summarise how series resistances add and how KVL links the total voltage to the current through the equivalent resistance. Students complete an exit ticket stating one key takeaway and a question they still have. For homework, assign two additional series‑circuit problems from the textbook.