Lesson Plan

• Describe the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base, including the full and net ionic equations.
• Explain the characteristic properties of acids and bases that indicate their behaviour in neutralisation.
• Predict the products of a neutralisation reaction and write balanced chemical equations.
• Identify spectator ions and the resulting salt formed after neutralisation.
• Apply stoichiometric equivalence to determine when complete neutralisation has occurred.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• pH indicator paper
• Hydrochloric acid (dilute) and sodium hydroxide solution (dilute)
• Beakers, measuring cylinders, safety goggles, gloves
• Worksheet with practice equations
• Clickers or coloured cards for quick checks

Begin with a short video showing a dramatic colour change when an acid meets a base, prompting curiosity. Ask students what they already know about the properties of acids and bases from previous lessons. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe and predict neutralisation reactions and recognise the salt formed.

1. Do‑now (5'): Quick worksheet quiz on acid/base properties to activate prior knowledge.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Review properties, introduce ionic and net‑ionic equations using the projector.
3. Demonstration (10'): Mix dilute HCl with NaOH, observe temperature rise and pH change; discuss spectator ions.
4. Guided practice (12'): In pairs, write full ionic, net ionic, and molecular equations for given acid‑base pairs.
5. Check for understanding (8'): Whole‑class clicker questions targeting common misconceptions.
6. Summary & exit ticket (5'): Students write one key takeaway and one lingering question on a sticky note.

Recap the steps of a neutralisation reaction and emphasise that water is always produced while the remaining ions form a salt. Collect exit tickets as a retrieval check and assign homework: complete the worksheet on neutralisation and research a real‑world application (e.g., antacid tablets).