Lesson Plan

Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Recall and use the equation P = I^2 R to explain why power losses in cables are smaller when the voltage is greater
Learning Objective/s:
  • Recall the relationship P = I²R and its role in cable losses.
  • Explain how increasing transmission voltage reduces current and therefore I²R losses.
  • Apply the equations to calculate power loss for different transmission voltages.
  • Interpret a transformer diagram to describe step‑up and step‑down processes.
  • Evaluate the energy‑efficiency benefits of high‑voltage transmission.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and laptop for presentation
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Calculator worksheets
  • Printed transformer diagram handout
  • Power‑loss calculation worksheet
  • Exit‑ticket slips
Introduction:
Begin with the question “Why do power stations use transformers to send electricity over long distances?” Review students’ prior knowledge of P = VI and I = P/V. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to explain and calculate how higher voltage reduces cable losses.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5'): Solve a short P = VI problem on the board.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Introduce transformers, review P = I²R and its significance.
  3. Guided derivation (10'): Show algebraic steps linking higher voltage to lower I²R loss.
  4. Numerical example (8'): Work through the 10 kW, 10 kV vs 100 kV table together.
  5. Group activity (12'): Teams calculate losses for a new voltage (e.g., 50 kV) and present findings.
  6. Check for understanding (5'): Exit‑ticket question – “If transmission voltage is tripled, how does the I²R loss change?”
Conclusion:
Recap the key points: higher voltage → lower current → dramatically reduced I²R losses, and transformers enable this process. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding, and assign homework to complete a worksheet calculating losses for three different voltage scenarios.