Lesson Plan

• Recall the definition of capacitance (C = Q/V) and its SI unit (farad).
• Explain how plate area, separation distance, and dielectric constant influence capacitance.
• Apply C = Q/V to calculate charge stored and energy (U = ½ CV²) in a capacitor.
• Analyse series and parallel capacitor networks to determine total capacitance.
• Solve quantitative problems involving energy and charge in real‑world capacitor examples.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Capacitor demonstration kit (parallel‑plate and various dielectrics)
• Multimeters / voltmeters
• Calculators (or spreadsheet)
• Student worksheets with practice questions
• Formula sheet for C = Q/V, series/parallel formulas

Begin with a quick visual of a charged capacitor to spark curiosity about how devices store energy. Review the relationship between charge, voltage, and capacitance from previous lessons. State that by the end of the session students will be able to calculate charge, voltage, and energy for single and combined capacitors.

1. Do‑now (5'): Short quiz on Q = CV and unit conversions.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Derive C = ε₀εᵣA/d and discuss factors affecting capacitance.
3. Demonstration (10'): Use the capacitor kit to show how changing plate area and separation alters measured capacitance.
4. Guided practice (12'): Work through the example calculation (177 pF) together, highlighting each step.
5. Group activity (15'): Students solve series‑parallel problems from the worksheet, checking answers with peers.
6. Concept check (5'): Exit‑ticket – one sentence explaining why series reduces total capacitance.

Summarise the key formulas and how geometry and dielectrics influence capacitance. Ask students to write down one real‑world application of capacitors as a retrieval practice. Assign homework: complete the remaining practice questions and bring a brief report on a capacitor used in everyday technology.