Lesson Plan

• Describe the key differences between procedures and functions, including return values and typical uses.
• Explain how parameters and arguments are used to pass data into routines.
• Write and call both a procedure and a function with and without parameters in pseudocode.
• Identify and apply appropriate parameter‑passing techniques (by value vs. by reference).
• Debug common errors such as mismatched arguments or incorrect return statements.

• Projector and screen
• Laptop with IDE or pseudocode editor
• Printed handouts of example code
• Worksheet with practice exercises
• Whiteboard and markers
• Exit‑ticket cards

Begin with a quick poll: “Which apps on your phone use hidden calculations?” Connect this to everyday functions. Review prior knowledge of variables and simple statements. State that by the end of the lesson students will be able to design and use procedures and functions correctly.

1. Do‑Now (5'): Mini‑quiz on terminology (procedure, function, parameter).
2. Direct Instruction (10'): Define procedures vs. functions; show syntax and examples.
3. Guided Practice (15'): Whole‑class write a procedure without parameters and a function with parameters on the board.
4. Pair Activity (15'): Students create a procedure that prints a message and a function that returns a calculation, then swap and test each other's code.
5. Demo & Discussion (10'): Demonstrate pass‑by‑value vs. pass‑by‑reference using a simple IDE.
6. Check for Understanding (5'): Quick “exit ticket” – write one line of pseudocode calling a function and storing its result.

Recap the distinctions between procedures and functions and the role of parameters. Collect exit tickets to gauge mastery and assign homework: write a short program that uses both a procedure and a function to convert temperatures. Remind students to review the checklist for common pitfalls.