Lesson Plan

• Describe the role of ROM and RAM in a computer system.
• Explain the key differences between ROM and RAM (volatility, speed, purpose, capacity).
• Compare how ROM and RAM are used during the boot process and program execution.
• Identify common examples of ROM and RAM hardware components.
• Evaluate why both memory types are essential for computer operation.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Slides/PowerPoint presentation on ROM vs RAM
• Handout with comparison table
• Sample RAM module and ROM chip (or images)
• Whiteboard and markers
• Exit ticket cards or digital quiz platform

Start with a quick question: “What happens to the programs you’re using when you turn off the computer?” Review students’ prior knowledge of computer memory. Explain that today they will identify how ROM and RAM differ and be able to describe their roles in the boot process and everyday use.

1. Do‑Now (5') – Students write on sticky notes the types of memory they already know.
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Present key concepts of ROM and RAM using slides and a block diagram.
3. Guided comparison (12') – In pairs, complete a comparison table, discussing volatility, speed, purpose, and capacity.
4. Demonstration (8') – Show a RAM module and a ROM chip (or images) and point out their locations on the motherboard.
5. Application activity (10') – Scenario cards: decide which memory type is used for given tasks; groups present their reasoning.
6. Check for understanding (5') – Quick Kahoot quiz covering the main differences.
7. Exit ticket (5') – Write one key difference and one reason both memory types are needed.

Recap that ROM provides permanent firmware while RAM supplies fast, temporary workspace for active programs. Use the exit tickets as a retrieval practice to confirm understanding. For homework, assign a short worksheet where students label a diagram of a computer’s memory hierarchy and explain the role of each component.