Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Know the difference between direct current (d.c.) and alternating current (a.c.)
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the fundamental difference between direct current and alternating current.
  • Compare the waveforms, frequency, and generation methods of d.c. and a.c.
  • Calculate RMS values for sinusoidal a.c. and explain their significance.
  • Analyse practical implications of d.c. and a.c. in transmission and safety.
  • Apply knowledge to identify the appropriate current type for given applications.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • Printed comparison worksheet (Venn diagram)
  • Online circuit‑simulation tool or oscilloscope demo
  • Battery, lamp, and AC mains plug adapter
  • Calculators
  • Sticky notes and markers
  • Handout with RMS formulas and practice problems
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration using a battery‑powered lamp versus a wall‑socket lamp to spark curiosity about why different devices need different currents. Review prior knowledge of charge flow and voltage. Explain that by the end of the lesson students will be able to distinguish d.c. from a.c., interpret their waveforms, and justify the use of RMS values.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5 '): Short quiz on charge flow and voltage.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10 '): Define d.c. and a.c., display waveform diagrams on the projector.
  3. Guided comparison activity (12 '): In pairs fill a Venn diagram using the worksheet, referencing the feature table.
  4. Hands‑on simulation (10 '): Use an online circuit simulator to view sinusoidal current and measure peak and RMS values.
  5. Real‑world discussion (8 '): Discuss transmission, safety, and device‑design implications; students list examples on sticky notes.
  6. Formative check (5 '): Exit ticket – write one key difference and one reason RMS is used.
  7. Homework brief (2 '): Assign worksheet on RMS calculations for the next class.
Conclusion:
Recap the core differences between d.c. and a.c., emphasizing waveform shape and the purpose of RMS values. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding, and remind students to complete the RMS worksheet for homework.