Lesson Plan

• Describe the structural differences between graphite (sp², 2‑D layers) and diamond (sp³, 3‑D network).
• Explain how these structural features produce their distinct physical properties.
• Analyse why graphite functions as a lubricant and electrode, and why diamond is ideal for cutting tools.
• Compare the properties of graphite and diamond and predict suitable industrial applications.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• PowerPoint slides with diagrams of graphite and diamond structures
• Handout worksheet containing a comparison table
• Samples or images of graphite (pencil lead) and industrial diamond tools
• Whiteboard and markers
• Exit‑ticket cards

Begin with a quick demonstration: slide a piece of pencil lead across a book cover to show its lubricating effect. Ask students what they know about carbon’s different forms and how the same element can behave so differently. Explain that today they will link atomic structure to real‑world uses, and they will be able to identify why graphite is used as a lubricant and electrode and why diamond powers cutting tools.

1. Do‑Now (5'): Students list carbon materials they have encountered and hypothesise why they differ.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Present the structures of graphite and diamond with diagrams, highlighting hybridisation and bonding dimensionality.
3. Guided analysis (10'): In pairs, students match each property to its structural reason using the provided table.
4. Application activity (12'): Groups evaluate real‑world scenarios (graphite as lubricant/electrode; diamond in cutting tools) and create a short poster explaining the structure‑property link.
5. Whole‑class share & questioning (8'): Groups present; teacher probes understanding with targeted questions.
6. Quick check (5'): Exit ticket – one sentence describing how structure determines one specific use of each material.

Summarise that the arrangement of carbon atoms dictates whether the material is soft and conductive or hard and insulating. Reinforce the success criteria by reviewing the posters and exit tickets. Assign a brief homework: research another carbon allotrope and explain its structure‑property relationship.