Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: Describe enzymes as proteins that function as biological catalysts in all metabolic reactions.
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the role of enzymes as protein catalysts in metabolic reactions.
  • Explain how enzyme structure determines specificity and active‑site function.
  • Compare the lock‑and‑key and induced‑fit models of enzyme‑substrate interaction.
  • Analyse how temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and inhibitors affect enzyme activity.
  • Predict the outcome of enzyme‑inhibition scenarios in biological systems.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • PowerPoint slides with enzyme diagrams
  • Printed worksheet with activity tables
  • Beakers, gelatin (model enzyme) and substrate analogues
  • pH strips and thermometer for a quick demo
  • Exit‑ticket cards
 Introduction:
Begin with a short video of a crowded highway slowing down without traffic lights, then ask students how cells speed up reactions. Recall that proteins can act as catalysts and that metabolic pathways must be rapid. Explain that today they will identify how enzyme structure enables this and what factors can modify activity, with success measured by completing the worksheet and exit ticket.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – Students list everyday examples of enzymes (e.g., saliva, yeast) on mini‑whiteboards.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Define enzymes, activation energy, and show the active‑site diagram.
  3. Interactive model (10’) – Demonstrate lock‑and‑key vs induced‑fit using puzzle pieces; students predict which substrate fits.
  4. Data analysis (15’) – In groups, interpret the table of factors affecting enzyme rate and fill a Venn diagram.
  5. Quick lab demo (10’) – Test gelatin activity at different temperatures/pH; record observations.
  6. Concept check (5’) – Kahoot quiz covering specificity and inhibition.
  7. Worksheet completion (10’) – Answer short‑answer questions and label a diagram.
  8. Exit ticket (5’) – Write one way to regulate enzyme activity in the human body.
Conclusion:
Summarise that enzymes accelerate reactions by lowering activation energy and that their activity is tightly regulated by structural and environmental factors. Ask a few students to share one factor that can increase or decrease enzyme rate. Collect exit tickets as a retrieval check and assign homework to research a real‑world application of enzyme inhibition (e.g., drug action).