Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Geography
Lesson Topic: global distribution and spatial and time variation of influenza (flu)
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the global distribution of influenza and differentiate between temperate and tropical patterns.
  • Explain how climatic factors, human mobility, and animal reservoirs influence spatial and temporal variation.
  • Analyse seasonal influenza curves and compare them with pandemic patterns using real data.
  • Evaluate the public health implications of influenza’s geographic spread.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and digital world map
  • WHO FluNet surveillance data sheets (printed or digital)
  • Spreadsheet software (Excel or Google Sheets)
  • Worksheet with case‑study questions
  • Markers and chart paper for mapping activity
  • Printed epidemic‑curve templates
 Introduction:

Start with a quick poll: how many students have caught the flu this winter? Connect these personal experiences to the idea that influenza is a worldwide disease whose timing varies by region. Explain today’s success criteria – students will map flu incidence, explain the drivers of spatial‑temporal variation, and interpret real epidemic data.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – students list recent flu experiences and discuss perceived seasonality.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – overview of influenza virus types, antigenic drift/shift, and basic reproduction number (R₀).
  3. Map activity (15') – using a projected world map, groups plot incidence levels for temperate versus tropical zones.
  4. Data analysis (15') – students work with FluNet data to create seasonal curves for two contrasting latitudes and identify peak periods.
  5. SIR modelling (10') – quick spreadsheet exercise to explore how changes in R₀ affect outbreak size.
  6. Debate (10') – groups argue for or against universal influenza vaccination, linking geographic factors to policy decisions.
Conclusion:

Recap the key patterns of influenza distribution and the main drivers behind spatial and temporal variation. For the exit ticket, ask each student to write one factor that most influences flu timing in their local region. Homework: research a recent influenza outbreak (e.g., 2023‑24 season) and prepare a brief summary of its geographic spread and impacts.