Lesson Plan

• Recall the definition and purpose of a potential (voltage) divider.
• Derive and state the relationship R₁/R₂ = V₁/V₂ for a series resistor pair.
• Apply the divider equation to calculate unknown voltages or resistor values in simple circuits.
• Identify common errors such as loading effects and incorrect series connections.

• Whiteboard or digital display
• Projector with slide of the potential‑divider circuit
• Assorted resistors (1 kΩ, 2 kΩ, 3 kΩ, 4 kΩ, 6 kΩ)
• Breadboard and connecting wires
• Multimeter
• Worksheet with example problems
• Calculator

Begin with a quick question: “How can we obtain a lower voltage from a higher supply using only resistors?” Connect this to students’ prior work on series circuits and Ohm’s law. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to use the divider formula to predict voltages and resistor values.

1. Do‑now (5’) – Students write the divider formula R₁/R₂ = V₁/V₂ and explain each term.
2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Derive the relationship using a series circuit diagram; emphasize series current and Ohm’s law.
3. Guided practice (12’) – Work through Example 1 together, filling steps on the worksheet.
4. Collaborative problem solving (10’) – Small groups solve Example 2 and an additional practice question, teacher circulates for support.
5. Concept check (8’) – Quick quiz (clickers or show of hands) on common pitfalls such as loading and parallel connections.
6. Summary & reflection (5’) – Recap key points; students write one takeaway on a sticky note.

Review the four main ideas: definition, derivation, application, and pitfalls of a potential divider. Ask students to verbally state one situation where the divider would fail without accounting for load. Assign homework: complete the remaining practice questions on the worksheet and bring a real‑world example of a voltage divider for the next class.