Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: explain how negative feedback control mechanisms regulate blood glucose concentration, with reference to the effects of insulin on muscle cells and liver cells and the effect of glucagon on liver cells
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the components of the negative‑feedback loop that controls blood glucose.
  • Explain how insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage in muscle and liver cells.
  • Explain how glucagon stimulates glucose release from liver cells.
  • Compare the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon on glycogen metabolism.
  • Apply the concept to predict blood‑glucose changes after a meal or during fasting.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Slide deck illustrating the insulin‑glucagon feedback loop
  • Handout with a labelled diagram of hormone actions
  • Worksheet with post‑meal and fasting case scenarios
  • Clickers or online polling tool for quick checks
  • Markers and whiteboard
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “What happens to your blood glucose after you eat a candy?” Review students’ prior knowledge of hormones and metabolism. State the success criteria – students will be able to diagram the feedback loop and explain how insulin and glucagon regulate glucose levels.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑Now (5’) – Think‑pair‑share question on blood‑glucose changes after a snack.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Present set‑point, sensors, control centre, and effectors using slides.
  3. Interactive diagram activity (12’) – In groups, label a blank flow diagram of insulin and glucagon actions on muscle and liver.
  4. Case‑study analysis (10’) – Worksheet scenarios to determine which hormone dominates.
  5. Concept check (8’) – Clicker quiz with immediate feedback on key mechanisms.
  6. Summary discussion (5’) – Teacher reinforces the loop and addresses misconceptions.
Conclusion:
Recap the negative‑feedback loop, highlighting how insulin lowers and glucagon raises blood glucose. Exit ticket: write one way each hormone helps maintain glucose within the normal range. For homework, read the textbook section on glucose homeostasis and complete the online quiz.