| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: state that within a chloroplast, the thylakoids (thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces), which occur in stacks called grana, are the site of the light-dependent stage and the stroma is the site of the light-independent stage |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the structure of chloroplasts, emphasizing thylakoids, grana, and stroma.
- Explain the light‑dependent reactions that occur in thylakoid membranes and the products they generate.
- Explain the light‑independent (Calvin‑Benson) cycle in the stroma and how it uses ATP and NADPH.
- Compare the locations and energy flow of the two stages of photosynthesis.
- Apply knowledge to accurately label a diagram of a chloroplast.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector or interactive whiteboard
- PowerPoint slides with chloroplast diagram
- Printed worksheet with labeling activity
- Physical model of a chloroplast (optional)
- Markers and sticky notes
- Exit‑ticket cards
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Introduction:
Start with a short animation of sunlight striking a leaf and ask, “Where do you think the light energy is captured inside the cell?” Recall previous lessons on organelles and the overall photosynthesis equation. State that today students will be able to pinpoint the exact locations of the light‑dependent and light‑independent stages and explain why this spatial separation matters.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑now (5'): Students write on a sticky note the compartment they think captures light energy; responses displayed.
- Mini‑lecture (10'): Show cross‑section slide of a chloroplast, label thylakoids, grana, and stroma; reiterate the learning objective.
- Guided inquiry (12'): In pairs, students use a 3‑D model/diagram to identify which reactions occur in each compartment; teacher asks probing questions.
- Interactive simulation (8'): Online animation of the light‑dependent reactions; students record inputs and outputs.
- Worksheet activity (10'): Label a chloroplast diagram and complete a table of inputs/outputs for both stages; peer‑check.
- Check for understanding (5'): Quick Kahoot quiz with three questions on reaction locations and energy flow.
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Conclusion:
Recap that thylakoid membranes in the grana host the light‑dependent reactions, while the stroma hosts the Calvin‑Benson cycle, highlighting the flow of energy from photons to glucose. For the exit ticket, ask students to write one sentence explaining why separating these stages is advantageous. Assign homework: create a concept map linking the steps of energy transfer from light absorption to carbohydrate synthesis.
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