Lesson Plan

• Describe the main methods used to increase water supply (surface water development, groundwater extraction, desalination, rainwater harvesting).
• Explain demand‑side management techniques such as pricing, efficient fixtures, and behavioural campaigns.
• Apply the water‑balance equation to evaluate water allocation in a catchment.
• Analyse at least three challenges to sustainable water management and propose realistic mitigation strategies.
• Evaluate detailed case studies to illustrate real‑world applications of supply and demand measures.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed handouts with supply‑demand diagrams and case‑study excerpts
• Worksheet for the water‑balance equation
• Digital map of global water‑resource projects (optional)
• Exit‑ticket slips

Begin with a quick poll: “Where does the water you drink today come from?” Use the responses to link prior knowledge of local water sources to the need for managing scarce resources. Explain that today’s success criteria are to identify supply‑increase methods, describe demand‑side measures, and use a case study to support answers.

1. Do‑now (5’): Students list daily water uses and share one surprise about their consumption.
2. Mini‑lecture with slides on increasing water supply (10’): Overview of dams, groundwater, desalination, rainwater harvesting.
3. Group case‑study analysis – Desalination in Saudi Arabia (15’): Identify benefits, costs, and environmental issues; record key facts.
4. Interactive demonstration of the water‑balance equation using a sample catchment (10’).
5. Demand‑side management discussion – pricing, low‑flow fixtures, irrigation tech (10’).
6. Synthesis activity – teams match challenges (climate change, population growth, pollution, over‑extraction, institutional fragmentation) with mitigation strategies (10’).
7. Exit ticket (5’): One‑sentence answer to “What is the most effective single measure to improve water security in your community?”

Recap the five supply‑increase methods and the key demand‑side tools, highlighting how they address the identified challenges. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding, and assign a brief homework: research a local water‑management initiative and prepare a 2‑minute summary for the next lesson.