Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Computer Science
Lesson Topic: Describe the principal operations of hardware devices
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the four main CPU operations (fetch, decode, execute, store).
  • Explain how memory devices perform read, write, and refresh cycles.
  • Identify the principal operations of common input and output devices.
  • Compare sequential and random access in storage devices.
  • Summarise the role of the bus and control unit in coordinating data transfer.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Slides with diagrams of hardware components
  • Handouts summarising principal operations
  • Sample input devices (keyboard, mouse) for demonstration
  • Example storage media (USB flash drive, HDD)
  • Whiteboard and markers
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick video clip showing a computer's internal components lighting up as they work, prompting students to think about what each part is doing. Recall previous learning about the CPU's role and ask learners to list operations they already know. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to name and describe the key operations of all major hardware devices.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5'): Students write down the four CPU steps from memory on a sticky note – teacher checks quickly.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Present the CPU cycle and memory operations using slides and a simple animation.
  3. Guided exploration (12'): In small groups, examine a keyboard and mouse; students label the principal operations on a worksheet.
  4. Interactive demo (10'): Show how the bus transfers data between CPU, RAM, and I/O using a simulation; ask concept‑check questions.
  5. Consolidation activity (8'): Teams complete a matching table linking each hardware component to its principal operations; teacher circulates for feedback.
Conclusion:
Review the summary table that links each component to its core operations, highlighting any misconceptions clarified during the activity. Ask each student to write one exit‑ticket sentence describing the operation they found most surprising. Assign homework to create a labelled diagram of the computer’s hardware flow and annotate each part with its principal operation.