Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Chemistry
Lesson Topic: Describe the giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the three‑dimensional tetrahedral network of diamond and the two‑dimensional layered structure of graphite.
  • Explain how hybridisation and bonding in each allotrope determine their physical properties.
  • Compare the hardness, electrical conductivity and typical uses of diamond and graphite.
  • Predict how structural differences affect melting point and other properties.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Slides showing diamond and graphite structures
  • Model kits or 3‑D printed models of the diamond lattice and graphene sheet
  • Worksheet with comparison table and short questions
  • Markers and whiteboard
  • Exit‑ticket slips
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: Which form of carbon do you encounter daily? Students recall that carbon appears as a hard gemstone and as a soft pencil lead, highlighting the mystery of its differing properties. Today we will investigate the giant covalent networks of diamond and graphite and be able to explain their contrasting characteristics. Success will be demonstrated by accurately describing each structure and linking it to its properties.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5'): Students list known properties of diamond and graphite on sticky notes.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Present hybridisation, bonding, and structural diagrams via slides.
  3. Guided inquiry (12'): In pairs, use model kits to complete a comparison worksheet; teacher circulates with probing questions.
  4. Demonstration (8'): Hardness test (diamond tip vs graphite) and simple circuit to show conductivity of graphite.
  5. Concept check (5'): Kahoot quiz covering hybridisation, structure, and properties.
  6. Summary discussion (5'): Students summarise how structure dictates properties; teacher reinforces key points.
Conclusion:
We have linked the sp³ tetrahedral network of diamond and the sp² layered sheets of graphite to their contrasting hardness and conductivity. For the exit ticket, write one sentence explaining why graphite conducts electricity while diamond does not. Homework: complete the worksheet extending the comparison to real‑world applications of each allotrope.